SARS COV-2: CROSSING ITS RESPIRATORY BORDERS
🚨Still think “mild” Covid-19 is “just a cold” for you and your children?😧
Insights from an infectious disease specialist at Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore, worth your time and attention!
This paper reviews, as the author mentioned, some of the intriguing and still poorly understood extra-pulmonary complications of COVID-19, focusing on its links to diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, and Long COVID (PASC), while noting that these represent only a selection of the many virus’s systemic effects.( My note: All are actually "LC"!!)
➡️COVID-19 caused >7 million official deaths, but the true burden lies in extra-pulmonary complications including thromboembolism, stroke, cardiovascular events, autoimmune diseases, new-onset diabetes, dementia, and Long COVID (PASC),
➡️Risks persist and recur with reinfections despite Omicron’s lower virulence,
➡️Diabetes mellitus:
- Post-infection risk rises in children and adults (HR 1.1–1.6),
- Meta-analyses show elevated incidence and ketoacidosis in the first two years,
- Vaccination (especially full doses) appears protective: unvaccinated individuals and older age are key risk factors.
- Pathophysiology involves direct pancreatic β-cell damage via ACE2, autoimmunity, and molecular mimicry.
➡️Cerebrovascular disease (stroke):
- ~2.6% risk post-COVID, driven by cardioembolic/cryptogenic mechanisms rather than traditional atherosclerosis.
- Strong links exist with diabetes, hypertension, coronary disease, and atrial fibrillation.
- Mechanisms include endothelial dysfunction, cytokine storm, platelet activation, and possible direct viral neuroinvasion.
➡️Dementia and cognitive decline:
- Survivors face significantly higher risks of Alzheimer’s (HR 1.50), dementia (HR 1.66), and Parkinson’s (HR 1.44).
- 65% of patients >65 show cognitive impairment (average MoCA 23.3/30).
- Deficits equate to 3–9 IQ-point losses depending on severity, and reinfections add further decline.
- Pre-existing dementia worsens markedly.
➡️Long COVID (PASC):
- Affects 6–7% of adults and 1% of children as a multisystem chronic condition (≥3 months) featuring brain fog, fatigue, and dysautonomia.
- Even mild cases contribute heavily.
- Vaccines and early antivirals reduce risk.
- No specific cure exists, only supportive care.
- Prevention remains key: Masks, distancing, ventilation, updated vaccination, and timely antivirals (e.g., nirmatrelvir-ritonavir) effectively lower infection and complication rates.
‼️So, AGAIN, 6 years on, SARS-CoV-2 has revealed itself not as a simple respiratory virus but as a systemic pathogen that quietly seeds diabetes, strokes, dementia, and lifelong disability in millions, even after “mild” infections( All are actually "LC"). With no end to mutations and reinfections guaranteed, the only rational defence is relentless prevention: vaccination, antivirals, and non-pharmaceutical measures. Anything less condemns society to an accumulating, invisible epidemic of chronic disease. 👏This colleague understands the gravity of the ongoing pandemic!
#AvoidSars2 #AvoidReinfections
scholar.archive.org/work/dwc…